Ushaw and Ware, it is impossible to deny that he injured
the work with which his name will ever be associated, by
his disastrous intercourse with Father Parsons. Known as a
sharer in that plotter's schemes, he gave a reasonable pretext
to Elizabeth's government for regarding the seminaries as
hotbeds of sedition. That they were not so is abundantly
proved. The superiors kept their political actions secret
from the students, and would not allow such matters even to
be talked about or treated as theoretical abstractions in the
schools. Dr Barrett, writing (April 14, 1583) to Parsons,
makes open complaint of Allen's secrecy and refusal to
communicate. How far Allen was really admitted to the full
confidence of Parsons is a question; and his later attitude to
the Society goes to prove that he at last realized that he had
been tricked. Like James II. with Fr. Petre, Allen had been
``bewitched'' for a time and only recovered himself when too late.
AUTHORITIES. -- T. F. Knox, Letters and Memorials of Cardinal
Allen (London, 1882); A. Bellesheim, Wilhelm Cardinal Allen
und die englischen Seminare auf dem Festlande (Mainz, 1885);
First and Second Diaries of the English College, Douai
(London, 1878); Nicholas Fitzherbert, De Antiquitate et
continuatione religionis in Anglia et de Alani Cardinalis vita
libellus (Rome, 1608); E. Taunton, History of the Jesuits
in England (London, 1901); Teulet, vol. v.; the Spanish
State Papers (Simancas), vols. iii. and iv.; a list of
Allen's works is given in J. Gillow, Biographical Dictionary
of English Catholics, vol. i., under his name. (E. TN.)
ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (1830-1889), American classical
scholar, was born at Northborough, Massachusetts, on the 5th
of September 1830. He graduated at Harvard College in 1851 and
subsequently devoted himself almost entirely to literary work and
teaching. In 1867 he became professor of ancient languages
and history (afterwards Latin language and Roman history)
in the university of Wisconsin. He died in December 1889.
His contributions to classical literature chiefly consist of
schoolbooks published in the Allen (his brother) and Greenough
series. The Collection of Slave Songs (1867), of which he was
joint-editor, was the first work of the kind ever published.
ALLEN, BOG OF, the name given to a congeries of morasses
in Kildare, King's County, Queen's County and Westmeath,
Ireland. Clane Bog, the eastern extremity, is within 17 m.
of Dublin, and the morasses extend westward almost to the
Shannon. Their total area is about 238,500 acres. They do
not form one continuous bog, the tract of the country to which
the name is given being intersected by strips of dry cultivated
land. The rivers Brosna, Barrow and Boyne take their rise
in these morasses, and the Grand and Royal canals cross
them. The Bog of Allen has a general elevation of 250 ft.
above sea level, and the average thickness of the peat of which
it consists is 25 ft. It rests on a subsoil of clay and marl.
ALLENSTEIN, a garrison town of Germany, in the province
of East Prussia, on the river Alle, 100 m. by rail N.E. from
Thorn, and 30 m. from the Russian frontier. Pop. (1900)
24,295. It has a medieval castle, several churches, a synagogue
and various industries--iron-foundries, saw-mills, brick-works,
and breweries; also an extensive trade in cereals and timber.
ALLENTOWN, a city and the county-seat of Lehigh county,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on the Lehigh river, about 62 m. N.N.W. of
Philadelphia. Pop. (1890) 25,228; (1900) 35,416, of whom
2994 were foreign-born, 1065 being of German birth; (1910)
51,913. It is served by the Central of New Jersey, the
Lehigh Valley, the Perkiomen (of the Reading system) and the
Philadelphia & Reading railways. The city is situated on
high ground sloping gently towards the river and commanding
diversified views of the surrounding country. Hamilton
Street, the principal business thoroughfare, extends over
2 m. from E. to W., and in what was once the centre of the
city is Centre Square, in which there is a monument to the
memory of the soldiers and sailors who fell in the Civil War.
Allentown is the seat of a state homoeopathic hospital for the
insane, of the Allentown College for Women (Reformed Church,
1867), and of Muhlenberg College (1867), an Evangelical
Lutheran institution which grew out of the Allentown Seminary
(established in 1848 and incorporated as the ``Allentown
Collegiate Institute and Military Academy'' in 1864); in
1907 the college had 191 students, of whom 109 were in the
Allentown Preparatory School (1904), formerly the academic
department of the college and still closely afliliated with
it. The surrounding country is well adapted to agriculture, and
slate, iron ore, cement rock and limestone are found in the
vicinity. Allentown is an important manufacturing centre, and
the value of its manufactured products increased 90.9% from
1890 to 1900, and of its factory product 13.2% between 1900 and
1905. In 1905 the city ranked sixth among the cities of the
country in the manufacture of silk and silk goods, its most
important industry. Other important manufactures are iron and
steel, slaughtering and meat-packing products, boots and shoes,
cigars, furniture, men's clothing, hosiery and knit goods,
jute and jute goods, linen-thread, malt liquors, brick, cement,
barbed wire, wire nails and planing-mill products. Allentown's
total factory product in 1905 was valued at $16,966,550,
of which $3,901,249, or 23%, was the value of silk and silk
goods. The municipality owns and operates its water-works.
Allentown was first settled in 1751; in 1762 it was laid out
as a town by James Allen, the son of a chief-justice of the
province, in honour of whose family the city is named; in 1811
it was incorporated as a borough and its name was changed to
Northampton; in 1812 it was made the county-seat; in 1838 the
present name was again adopted; and in 1867 the first city
charter was secured. The silk industry was introduced in 1881.
ALLEPPI, or AULAPALAY, a seaport of southern India, in the
state of Travancore, 33 m. south of Cochin, situated on a strip
of coast between the sea and one of those backwaters that here
form the chief means of inland communication. Pop. (1901)
24,918. There is a lighthouse, 85 ft. high, with a revolving
white light visible 18 m. out at sea. Though the third town
in the state in point of population, Alleppi is the first in
commercial importance. It commands a fine harbour, affording
safe anchorage for the greater part of the year. It was
opened to foreign trade towards the latter end of the 18th
century. The exports consist of coffee, pepper, cardamoms and
coco-nuts. There are factories for coir-matting. The raja
has a palace, and Protestant missionaries have a church.
ALLESTREE, or ALLESTRY, RICHARD (1619.-1681), royalist
divine and provost of Eton College, son of Robert Allestree,
and a descendant of an ancient Derbyshire family, was born
at Uppington in Shropshire. He was educated at Coventry
and later at Christ Church, Oxford, under Richard Busby.
He entered as a commoner in 1636, was made student shortly
afterwards, and took the degree of B.A. in 1640 and of M.A. in
1643. In 1642 he took up arms for the king under Sir John
Biron. On the arrival of the parliamentary forces soon
afterwards in Oxford he secreted the Christ Church valuables,
and the soldiers found nothing in the treasury ``except
a single groat and a halter in the bottom of a large iron
chest.'' He escaped severe punishment only by the hasty
retirement of the army from the town. He was present at
the battle of Edgehill in October 1642, after which, while
hastening to Oxford to prepare for the king's visit to Christ
Church, he was captured by a troop of Lord Say's soldiers
from Broughton House, being soon afterwards set free on the
surrender of the place to the king's forces. In 1643 he
was again under arms, performing ``all duties of a common
soldier'' and ``frequently holding his musket in one hand and
his book in the other.'' At the close of the Civil War, he
returned to his studies, took holy orders, was made censor
and became a ``noted tutor.'' But he still remained an ardent
royalist. He voted for the university decree against the
Covenant, and, refusing submission to the parliamentary
visitors in 1648, he was expelled. He found a retreat as
chaplain in the house of the Hon. Francis Newport, afterwards
Viscount Newport, in whose interests he undertook a journey to
France. On his return he joined two of his friends, Dolben
and Fell, afterwards respectively archbishop of York and
bishop of Oxford, then resident at Oxford, and later joined
the household of Sir Antony Cope of Hanwell, near Banbury.
He was now frequently employed in carrying despatches between
the king and the royalists in England. In May 1659 he brought
a command from Charles in Brussels, directing the bishop
of Salisbury to summon all those bishops, who were then
alive, to consecrate clergymen to various sees ``to secure
a continuation of the order in the Church of England,'' then
in danger of becoming extinct.1 While returning from one
of these missions, in the winter before the Restoration, he
was arrested at Dover and committed a prisoner to Lambeth
Palace, then used as a gaol for apprehended royalists, but was
liberated after confinement of a few weeks at the instance,
among others, of Lord Shaftesbury. At the Restoration he
became canon of Christ Church, D.D. and city lecturer at
Oxford. In 1663 he was made chaplain to the king and regius
professor of divinity. In 1665 he was appointed provost of
Eton College, and proved himself a capable administrator.
He introduced order into the disorganized finances of the
college and procured the confirmation of Laud's decree, which
reserved five of the Eton fellowships for members of King's
College. His additions to the college buildings were less
successful; for the ``Upper School,'' constructed by him at
his own expense, was falling into ruin almost in his lifetime,
and was replaced by the present structure in 1689. Allestree
died on the 28th of January 1681, and was buried in the chapel
at Eton College, where there is a Latin inscription to his
memory. His writings are:--The Privileges of the Universily
of Oxford in point of Visitation (1647)--a tract answered
by Prynne in the University of Oxford's Plea Rejected; 18
sermons whereof 15 preached before the king . . . (1669);
40 sermons whereof 21 are now first published . . . (2
vols., 1684); sermons published separately including A
Sermon on Acts xiii. 2, (1660); A Paraphrase and Annotations
upon all the Epistles of St Paul (joint author with Abraham
Woodhead and Obadiah Walker, 1675, see edition of 1853 and
preface by W. Jacobson). In the Cases of Conscience by
J. Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln (1692), Allestree's judgment
on Mr Cottington's Case of Divorce is included. A share
in the composition, if not the sole authorship, of the
books published under the name of the author of the Whole
Duty of Man has been attributed to Allestree (Nichols's
Anecdotes, ii. 603), and the tendency of modern criticism
is to regard him as the author. His lectures, with which he
was dissatisfied, were not published. Allestree was a man of
extensive learning, of moderate views and a fine preacher.
He was generous and charitable, of ``a solid and masculine
kindness,'' and of a temper hot, but completely under control.
AUTHORITIES.---Wood's Athenae Oxonienses (edited by
Bliss), iii. 1269; W.ood's Fasti, i. 480, 514, ii. 57,
241, 370; Richard Allestree, 40 sermons, with biographical
